| Dates |
Important historical milestones |
| B.C.10,000 |
Canaanite Phoenician have been identified as dwellers of what came to be called Canaan/Phoenicia. |
|
B.C.2750
|
Founding of Tyre,
according to Herodotus. |
| B.C.2000 (circa) |
Taaut or Thoth the first Hermes invented the alphabet. |
| B.C.1700 (circa) |
Cadmus introduced the alphabet to the Greeks. |
|
B.C.1590 |
The Phoenician Canaanites
are spoken of as battling against the Egyptians.
|
|
B.C.1500 (circa) |
The Phoenicians settle
Cyprus. |
|
B.C.1300 |
They make commercial
treaties with Egypt. |
| B.C.1260 (circa) |
Sanchuniathon Phoenician priest
and writer became known in the ancient world. |
| B.C.1250 (circa) |
Posidonius the Stoic name Mochus of Sidon, as
the originator of the atomic theory. |
|
B.C.1252 |
War of Sidon against
the Philistines, and possible devastation of Sidon. |
|
B.C.1200 |
Tyre
becomes the chief Phoenician city at the time when the Trojan wars
begin.
|
|
B.C.1100 |
Cadiz and other colonies
planted on the Atlantic shores. |
|
B.C.1020 |
Abibal, the earliest
known king of Tyre. |
|
B.C.980 |
Hiram
succeeded Abibal, formed alliance with kings David and Solomon, built
up Tyre, and sent out rich trading expeditions.
|
| B.C.990 (circa) |
Zadok
the Priest, pagan Phoenician priest and king of Jerusalem anointed Solomon
king. |
| B.C.970 (circa) |
Hiram, king of Tyre, builds the Temple of Solomon |
|
B.C.887 |
Eth-baal,
the priest king, seizes the throne |
|
B.C.876 |
Phoenician cities
pay tribute to Assyria. |
| B.C.860 (circa) |
Jezebel,
princess of Tyre, married Ahab,
king of Israel. |
|
B.C.854 |
Phoenicians defeated
by the Assyrians. |
|
B.C.813 |
Carthage founded.
|
|
B.C.727 |
Luliya of Tyre asserts
his independence and Phoenicia is ravaged by the Assyrians. |
|
B.C.725 |
Tyre wins against
the Assyrians the first naval battle of history, and withstands a five
years' siege. |
|
B.C.701 |
Luli,
king of Sidon, abandoned
his city to Sennacherib of Assyria and
escaped to Cyprus where he perished
|
|
B.C.695 |
Spain becomes an independent
Phoenician kingdom. |
|
B.C.678 |
Sidon besieged for
three years and captured by the Assyrians. |
|
B.C.636 |
Phoenician cities
escape from the weakened Assyrian empire. |
| B.C.600 |
Phoenician Thales of Miletus became known as the first known
philosopher, scientist and mathematician. |
|
B.C.587 |
Nebuchadnezzar begins
his great thirteen year siege of Tyre. The city finally capitulates. |
| B.C.585 |
Phoenician
Thales of Citium forecasted the solar eclipse of that
year. |
| B.C.570 (circa) |
Pythagoras, Phoenician mathematician and scientist was trained
in the mysteries of Phoenician religion in the temples of Phoenicia. |
|
B.C.538 |
Phoenicia becomes
a Persian province; Carthage asserts its independence. |
|
B.C.536 |
The Carthaginians
drive the Greeks from Corsica. |
|
B.C.509 |
Carthage acknowledged
by Rome as ruler of the western seas. |
|
B.C.500 (circa) |
Hanno circumnavigates
Africa. |
| B.C.510 (circa) |
Himilco, Carthaginian voyager, the first known
sailor from the Mediterranean to have reached the northwestern shores of
Europe. |
| B.C.440 (circa) |
Herodotus,
the Greek historian, visited and wrote about Phoenicia. |
|
B.C.480 |
The Phoenician ships
under Persian rule defeated by the Greeks at Salamis and the Carthaginians
defeated at Himera. |
|
B.C.397 |
An African revolt
against Carthage suppressed. |
|
B.C.332 |
Tyre besieged by Alexander
the Great and stormed after a remarkable contest. |
|
B.C.310 |
Carthage besieged
by the Greeks of Sicily. |
| B.C.306 (circa) |
Zeno of Citium, Stoic philosopher, became well known for
his work. |
|
B.C.276 |
Carthage finally conquers
Sicily. |
|
B.C.264 |
Carthage
begins her first war with the Romans and beginning of Punic wars.
|
|
B.C.260 |
The Carthaginian fleet
was defeated at Mylae.
|
|
B.C.256 |
The Carthaginian
fleeet was defeated a second time at Ecnomus;
the Romans invade Africa, but are defeated
and
their
army perishes. |
|
B.C.248 |
Hamilcar repeatedly
defeats the Romans in small battles in Sicily. |
|
B.C.241 |
Carthage sues for
peace; terrible war of her mercenary soldiers against Carthage. |
|
B.C.237 |
Hamilcar crushes the
mercenaries. |
|
B.C.236 |
Hamilcar begins the
building of an empire among the Phoenician cities in Spain. |
|
B.C.228 |
Hasdrubal succeeds
Hamilcar and continues his work in Spain. |
|
B.C.219 |
Hannibal succeeds
Hasdrubal and defies the Romans. |
|
B.C.218 |
Hannibal crosses the
Alps into Italy and wins repeated victories. |
|
B.C.216 |
Hannibal's chief victory
at Cannae; the Romans no longer dare meet him in the field. |
|
B.C.211 |
Hannibal besieges
Rome, but abandons the siege as hopeless. |
|
B.C.209 |
The Romans victorious
in Spain. |
|
B.C.207 |
A second Carthaginian
army, having crossed the Alps, is defeated at the Metaurus. |
|
B.C.204 |
The Romans invade
Africa. |
|
B.C.203 |
Hannibal recalled
to defend Carthage. |
|
B.C.202 |
He is defeated at
Zama. |
|
B.C.201 |
Carthage submits to
Rome. |
| B.C.198 |
Tyre came under the rule of the Seleucids. |
|
B.C.183 |
Death of Hannibal.
|
|
B.C.149 |
The Carthaginians
commanded to leave their city; they resist and withstand a two years'
siege. |
|
B.C.146 |
Fall of Carthage
and end of Punic wars.
|
| B.C.130 |
Zeno
of Sidon, the philosopher, wrote on logic, atomic theory, biology, ethics,
literary style, oratory, poetry, the theory of
knowledge, and to mathematics as well as commentary on the philosopher
Epicurus. |
| B.C.126 |
Tyre obtaining self-government from Seleucids. |
|
B.C.29
|
A Roman colony rebuilds
Carthage under Augustus Caesar; and it becomes a great city. |
|
A.D.27 (circa)
|
Jesus
Christ visited Sidon
|
|
A.D.35 (circa)
|
Saint Peter, Paul
and other Apostles visited and consecrated Phoenician bishops
|
| A.D.40 (circa) |
John Mark designated Bishop of Byblos by St. Peter |
| A.D.45 (circa) |
Joseph of Arimathea traveled to Britain. |
| A.D.100 |
Philo of Byblos, Writer, became known for his literary achievements
especially the translation of the work of Sanchuniathon the Priest. |
| A.D.140 |
Papinian,
jurist at the famous Berytus School of Law and author of several important
works was born. |
| A.D.155 |
Phoenician Anicitus became Pope. |
| A.D.172 |
Ulpian of Tyre, Roman jurist, coming from a family of scholars
was born. |
| A.D.203 |
Sts.
Perpetua and Felicity, Christian martyrs, of Carthage meet their death. |
| A.D.237 |
Barbara of Heliopolis, Christian martyr, meet her death |
| A.D.250 |
Porphyry Malchus
of Tyre, the mathematician and disciple of Plotinus, revised and edited
of
the latter's works. |
| A.D.253 |
Origen died there in
Tyre as a consequence of the tortures which he underwent under Decius,
and was buried in the church magnificent cathedral. |
| A.D.293 |
Theodosia of Tyre and Aquilina of Byblos, Christian martyrs,
meet their deaths |
| A.D.300 |
Christina of Tyre, Christian martyr, meet her death |
| A.D.306 |
St. Ulpianus
of Tyre met his martyrdom when he was thrown into the sea. |
| A.D.307 |
St. Theodosia, a young Tyrian girl of eighteen, met her
martyrdom when she was horribly tortured and then thrown into the sea
on Easter Sunday, 2 April. |
| A.D.309 |
Phoenician St.
Pamphilus of Cæsarea Martyred |
| A.D.311 |
A municipal decree was issued forbidding Christians to stay
in the city of Tyre. |
| A.D.328 |
Phoenician St. Frumentius became Apostle of Abyssinia
and Bishop of Axum, Ethiopia. |
| A.D.335 |
The first council of Tyre, convened
by Constantine, judged the cause of
St.
Athanasius,
and deposed him. |
|
A.D.400? |
Saint Jerome visits
Tyre when it became the capital of Phoenicia and was the richest and
greatest commercial city of the province. Its factory
of purple cloth was foremost in the empire.
|
| A.D.425 |
Phoenicia Prima was subdivided into two provinces, Phoenicia
Maritima and Phoenicia Libanensis |
| A.D.449 |
The second council of Tyre examined the cause of Ibas, Bishop
of Edessa, who was accused by the clerics of his church and absolved by
this
council. |
| A.D.515 |
The third council of Tyre 515 under the
presidency of Severus, Patriarch of Antioch, and rejected the Council of
Chalcedon. |
| A.D.534 |
Dorotheus, professors
of law at the famous Berytus School of Law, with Tribonian and Theophilus
(advocates) publish the new Codex
of imperial constitutions as ordered by Emperor Justinian. |
| A.D.613 |
The Jews of Tyre formed a vast conspiracy against
the Byzantines Empire. |
| A.D.638 |
Tyre fell into the hands of the Arabs. |
| A.D.685 |
Phoenician John V became Pope. |
| A.D.687 |
Phoenician St. Sergius became Pope. |
|
A.D.697
|
Carthage was destroyed
by the Arabs.
|
| A.D.708 |
Phoenician Sisinius became Pope. |
| A.D.708 |
Phoenician Constantine I became Pope. |
| A.D.731 |
Phoenician Gregorius III became Pope. |
|
A.D.1112 |
Tyre fell to the
Christian crusader King Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem.
|
|
A.D.1124 |
Second Christian
siege of Tyre; it was captured.
|
|
A.D.1187 |
The Christians in
Tyre withstood a two years' siege by the Arabs; but Acre was made
the chief port of the Christian kingdom and all the old Phoenician cities
decline.
|
| A.D.1210 |
John of Brienne was crowned king, and in 1225 his daughter
Isabella was crowned queen in Tyre. |
| A.D.1291 |
Tyre fell to the Arabs
who completely destroyed it, and it was never wholly restored afterwards. |
|
A.D.1516 |
Phoenicia was captured
by the Turks and its cities decay utterly.
|
